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→It is normal for healthy men to find pubescent & prepubescent females sexually arousing
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* Lykins A, Cantor J, Kuban M, Blak T, Dickey R, Klassen PE, Blanchard, R. 2010. ''Sexual Arousal to Female Children in Gynephilic Men.'' Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment. 22(3): 279-89. [[https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1079063210372141 Abstract]] [[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/44687033_Sexual_Arousal_to_Female_Children_in_Gynephilic_Men FullText]] | * Lykins A, Cantor J, Kuban M, Blak T, Dickey R, Klassen PE, Blanchard, R. 2010. ''Sexual Arousal to Female Children in Gynephilic Men.'' Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment. 22(3): 279-89. [[https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1079063210372141 Abstract]] [[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/44687033_Sexual_Arousal_to_Female_Children_in_Gynephilic_Men FullText]] | ||
* Freund K, Costell R. 1970. ''The structure of erotic preference in the nondeviant male.'' Behaviour Research and Therapy. 8(1): 15-20. [[https://eurekamag.com/research/006/773/006773600.php Abstract]] | * Freund K, Costell R. 1970. ''The structure of erotic preference in the nondeviant male.'' Behaviour Research and Therapy. 8(1): 15-20. [[https://eurekamag.com/research/006/773/006773600.php Abstract]] | ||
===<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size:24px; font-weight: normal;">Men rate the faces of adolescent girls as more attractive and feminine than adult women=== | |||
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Anthropology and Sociology researchers Röder et al. (2013) from the University of Göttingen noted that prior research on male ratings of female attractiveness and femininity has largely restricted itself to only considering women of young adult age (i.e., college-aged). However, they note that the capability for a female to become pregnant or bear children is not limited to this age range, but commences at menarche (first period), which is currently roughly at a mean age of 12.43 (Chumlea et al. 2003). They sought to investigate whether male ratings of female attractiveness and femininity would show a response to this age group and how it would compare to male responses to adult and menopausal women. | |||
Standardized pictures were taken of 50 girls aged 11-15 (average 13.76), 42 adult women aged 19-30 (average 23.48), and 29 menopausal women aged 50-65 (average 56.83). 150 men who were 18-40 years old (average 23.68) then each rated 24 of these photos picked at random based on attractiveness and femininity. | |||
It was found that the youngest girls aged 11-15 were rated the highest on both attractiveness and femininity by the men, followed by the adult women, and lastly the menopausal women. The youngest girls had greater rated facial attractiveness than the adult women with 94% statistical certainty (p = 0.06) and the menopausal women with >99.9% statistical certainty (p < 0.001). The youngest girls had greater rated femininity than the adult women with >95% statistical certainty (p < 0.05) and the menopausal women with >99.9% statistical certainty (p < 0.001). | |||
They conclude that youth is one of the primary factors men consider in evaluating female attractiveness and femininity. Although society tells men there is something wrong with a man finding a female under the age of 18 attractive, when men compare these younger females to adult women, they find the youngest girls most attractive and feminine. The researchers also stated that it was likely the the more physically mature adolescent girls at the higher end of the age range they examined (11-15) that were seen as the most attractive, as their age was found to correlate with their rated attractiveness. | |||
<span style="font-size:125%">'''Figures:'''</span> | |||
[[File:Male ratings of female attractiveness and femininity.PNG|600px|thumb|none|Male ratings of female facial attractiveness and femininity by female age groups, showing men rated the youngest adolescent females as more attractive and feminine than adult and menopausal women.]] | |||
<span style="font-size:125%">'''Quotes:'''</span> | |||
* ''The majority of research that investigated the relationship between women's attractiveness and fertility has done so in samples of young adult (i.e., college-aged) women. However, it is also clear that female fecundity is not limited to this life-stage but should rather be seen as a function of age (Pawlowski and Dunbar, 1999), beginning at menarche and ending at menopause. This raises the question of whether men's judgments of women's attractiveness are sensitive to these age-related changes in fertility.'' | |||
* ''Facial photographs, body odors, and voice recordings were collected from a total sample of 121 heterosexual women from three different age groups: young girls (n = 50; age range = 11–15 years, M = 13.76 years, SD = 1.44 years), adult women (n = 42; age range = 19–30 years, M = 23.48 years, SD = 2.47 years) and circum-menopausal women (n = 29; age range = 50–65 years, M = 56.83 years, SD = 5.17 years). Participants were recruited from the local population of Göttingen (Germany) and all reported to be native German speakers. '' | |||
* ''A panel of 150 men (age range = 18–40 years, M = 23.68 years, SD = 3.25 years) rated 24 facial photographs that were randomly selected out of the total sample, 12 of them on attractiveness and another 12 on femininity. Attractiveness and femininity were rated in separate blocks of trials and trial order was fully randomized. '' | |||
* ''For facial attractiveness, young girls received the highest attractiveness ratings (M = 2.12, SD = 0.43), followed by that of adult women (M = 1.91, SD = 0.44), and circum-menopausal women (M = 1.43, SD = 0.34). '' | |||
* ''Faces of young girls received higher femininity ratings than those of adult women and circum-menopausal women (young girls: M = 3.16, SD = 0.56; adult women: M = 2.83 SD = 0.57; circum-menopausal women: M = 2.67, SD = 0.47).'' | |||
* ''Indeed, among the group of young girls, age was positively correlated with both facial and vocal attractiveness, suggesting more mature girls may be judged as more attractive.'' | |||
* ''Health and youth are considered to be the predominant qualities men employ in their assessment of female attractiveness and femininity because of their link with fertility and reproductive value (Grammer et al., 2003; Wood, 1989). '' | |||
* ''Our data suggest a general preference for female youth.'' | |||
<span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span> | |||
* Röder S, Fink B, Jones BC. 2013. ''Facial, Olfactory, and Vocal Cues to Female Reproductive Value.'' Evolutionary Psychology. 11(2): 392-404. [[https://doi.org/10.1177/147470491301100209 Abstract]] [[https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/147470491301100209 FullText]] | |||
* Chumlea WC, Schubert CM, Roche AF, Kulin HE, Lee PA, Himes JH, Sun SS. 2003. ''Age at menarche and racial comparisons in US girls.'' Pediatrics. 111(1): 110-3. [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12509562 Abstract]] | |||
===<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size:24px; font-weight: normal;">Men downplay their sexual attraction to adolescent girls, even where they are of legal age</span>=== | ===<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size:24px; font-weight: normal;">Men downplay their sexual attraction to adolescent girls, even where they are of legal age</span>=== | ||