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It is important to note this rate of paternity fraud is '''per birth''' not per individual(s) involved. Thus the total risk of a man falling victim to paternity fraud with at least one of his offspring would increase proportionately with the number of children he has. It is also important to note that even the most modest estimates detailed below represent a potentially large source of societal discord, as such incidents often have far reaching consequences even beyond the individuals involved. | It is important to note this rate of paternity fraud is '''per birth''' not per individual(s) involved. Thus the total risk of a man falling victim to paternity fraud with at least one of his offspring would increase proportionately with the number of children he has. It is also important to note that even the most modest estimates detailed below represent a potentially large source of societal discord, as such incidents often have far reaching consequences even beyond the individuals involved. | ||
In response the high amounts of paternity fraud enacted by women, the French government has banned paternity tests, such that any man pursuing a paternity test without a court order may be punished by a year in prison and a fine of €15,000 (Article 226-28 of the Penal Code). The rationale for this law is reportedly that, "French psychologists suggest that fatherhood is determined by society not by biology." There are indications Germany may be following this same approach going forward. | In response the high amounts of paternity fraud enacted by women, the French government has banned paternity tests, such that any man pursuing a paternity test without a court order may be punished by a year in prison and a fine of €15,000 (Article 226-28 of the Penal Code). The rationale for this law is reportedly that, "French psychologists suggest that fatherhood is determined by society not by biology." There are indications Germany may be following this same approach going forward. (Vâlsan 2013) | ||
<span style="font-size:125%">'''Data:'''</span> | <span style="font-size:125%">'''Data:'''</span> | ||
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<span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span> | <span style="font-size:125%">'''References:'''</span> | ||
* Bellis M., Hughes K., Hughes S., Ashton J. 2005. Measuring paternal discrepancy and its public health consequences. J Epidemiol Community Health. 59(9): 749–754. [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1733152/ FullText]] [[https://jech.bmj.com/content/59/9/749.info FullText]] | * Bellis M., Hughes K., Hughes S., Ashton J. 2005. Measuring paternal discrepancy and its public health consequences. J Epidemiol Community Health. 59(9): 749–754. [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1733152/ FullText]] [[https://jech.bmj.com/content/59/9/749.info FullText]] | ||
* https://www.avoiceformen.com/mens-rights/france-upholds-the-ban-on-paternity-tests/ | * Vâlsan, L. 2013. France upholds the ban on paternity tests. A Voice For Men. [[https://www.avoiceformen.com/mens-rights/france-upholds-the-ban-on-paternity-tests/ Web]] | ||
* Article 226-28 of French Penal Code prohibiting DNA paternity testing [[https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichCodeArticle.do;jsessionid=31ADE74F1A72F9EAB11F2682C486084E.tpdjo17v_2?cidTexte=LEGITEXT000006070719&idArticle=LEGIARTI000006418005&dateTexte=20081113&categorieLien=id FullText]] | * Article 226-28 of French Penal Code prohibiting DNA paternity testing [[https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichCodeArticle.do;jsessionid=31ADE74F1A72F9EAB11F2682C486084E.tpdjo17v_2?cidTexte=LEGITEXT000006070719&idArticle=LEGIARTI000006418005&dateTexte=20081113&categorieLien=id FullText]] | ||