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===<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size:24px; font-weight: normal;">Cluster-B personality disorders lead to 3.5x as many sexual partners and more offspring</span>=== | ===<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size:24px; font-weight: normal;">Cluster-B personality disorders lead to 3.5x as many sexual partners and more offspring</span>=== | ||
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https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1090513812000906?via%3Dihub | Guitiérrez et al. (2013) conducted a study in order to determine if the various personality disorder clusters - Type A (Schizoid, Odd), Type B (Narcissistic, Anti-social) and Type C (Avoidant, OCD) - were solely detrimental in terms of life outcomes for the individuals with these personality disorders (PDs,) or if they instead presented their sufferers with various potentially adaptive benefits, such as greater sexual and social opportunities. | ||
A sample of psychiatric outpatients (n=738, 53% female, mean age 34.1 yrs, SD 10.9) were presented with a questionnaire designed to measure the presence and intensity of the ten personality disorders, and a further questionnaire designed to broadly measure various life outcomes; such as number of sexual partners, employment, income, health and so on. | |||
A multiple linear regression performed by the researchers on the data was used by the authors to estimate the contribution of the PD scores to various life outcomes. | |||
While finding that in general, PDs were resulting in more negative life outcomes broadly, there were some potentially evolutionary adaptive benefits that seemed to accrue to bearers of these disorders. | |||
Namely, those individuals high in type-B personality cluster traits (Narcissism, Anti-Social, Borderline, Histrionic,) of both sexes has 3.5x as many mates as low B subjects, with five times as many short-term mates and twice as many long term mates. It was also found that those higher in cluster B had 39% more offspring then those lower in cluster B traits. | |||
Thus it can be surmised that these personality traits, with all their concomitant negative outcomes; both for the bearers of these disorders and their potential victims, are most likely being significantly sexually selected for in various modern societies. | |||
<span style="font-size:125%>'''Quotes:'''</span> | |||
* ''PDs even brought some fitness advantages: Whereas reduced fertility in other mental disorders had been mainly attributed to lower marriage rates ... our high-PD subjects had 32% more mates.'' | |||
* T''he strength of these relationships should not be underestimated: Explained variance lies within the range of 1-5.7% usually found in phenotypic selection studies, in both humans and nonhumans.'' | |||
* ''Further supporting a sexual selection scenario, our high-B subjects out-reproduced low-B by 39%.'' | |||
* ''Likewise, high status, a strong priority for high-C subjects, has often been related in post-industrial societies to quality- rather then quantity-based mating and reproduction.'' | |||
* ''In the literature however, Cluster A disorders are not reported to be completely detrimental. For example, A subjects have been found to spend more time in romatic relationships and to have more frequent or earlier parenthood. Likewise, some components of schizotypy seem to increase mating success ... more data on A traits are clearly needed.'' | |||
<span style="font-size:125%>'''Data:'''</span> | |||
* https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1090513812000906?via%3Dihub | |||
==''Race''== | ==''Race''== |
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