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===<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size:24px; font-weight: normal;">Between 0.8% and 30% of "fathers" are unknowingly raising another man's child as their own</span>=== | ===<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size:24px; font-weight: normal;">Between 0.8% and 30% of "fathers" are unknowingly raising another man's child as their own</span>=== | ||
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The Oxford Handbook of Evolutionary Psychology (Louise Barrett;2007) notes that species with higher levels of sperm competition (i.e infidelity and ergo potential cuckoldry) have been selected to have larger testes relative to their body weight then species with low levels of competition. ''H.Sapiens'' occupies an intermediate position among the Great Apes, with Human males having smaller testes then their close cousins ''P. Troglodytes'' (the Chimpanzee) or the members of the genus ''Gorilla'', which have the smallest testes owing to very low levels of sperm competition due to their system of mating where a male Silverback hordes a harem of females and wards of potential competitors with violence. | The Oxford Handbook of Evolutionary Psychology (Louise Barrett;2007) notes that species with higher levels of sperm competition (i.e infidelity and ergo potential cuckoldry) have been evolutionarily selected to have larger testes relative to their body weight then species with low levels of competition. ''H.Sapiens'' occupies an intermediate position among the Great Apes, with Human males having smaller testes then their close cousins ''P. Troglodytes'' (the Chimpanzee) or the members of the genus ''Gorilla'', which have the smallest testes owing to very low levels of sperm competition due to their system of mating where a male Silverback hordes a harem of females and wards of potential competitors with violence. | ||
This suggests that Human females have a historical tendency to an intermediate level of infidelity compared to Chimpanzee females, which are noted for their promiscuity. | This suggests that Human females have a historical tendency to an intermediate level of infidelity compared to Chimpanzee females, which are noted for their promiscuity. | ||
It has also been proposed bv '' | It has also been proposed bv Gallup ''et al'' (2003) among others that the penis of male ''H.Sapiens'' partially developed its greater size and distinctive shape (prominent coronal ridge) as a mechanism to displace the semen of competitor by 'scooping' the vagina during coitus, and they also conducted a survey which demonstrated that men were more vigorous and aggressive with their coital thrusts after a period of separation from their partners. | ||
A review on the matter published in the Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health by Bellis ''et al.''(2005) concluded that "For disputed paternity tests median levels of PD across 16 studies is 26.9%. However, being based on cases where PD was already suspected this inevitably overestimates population levels. For studies based on populations chosen for reasons other than disputed paternity median PD is 3.7%. While this is not a measure of population prevalence it does suggest the widely used (but unsubstantiated) figure of 10% PD be an overestimate for most populations. | A review on the matter published in the Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health by Bellis ''et al.''(2005) concluded that "For disputed paternity tests median levels of PD across 16 studies is 26.9%. However, being based on cases where PD was already suspected this inevitably overestimates population levels. For studies based on populations chosen for reasons other than disputed paternity median PD is 3.7%. While this is not a measure of population prevalence it does suggest the widely used (but unsubstantiated) figure of 10% PD be an overestimate for most populations. |
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