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(Added some biological information and theories about the human male phenotypical adaption to cuckoldry. May be more suited to its own section?) |
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===<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size:24px; font-weight: normal;">Between 0.8% and 30% of "fathers" are unknowingly raising another man's child as their own</span>=== | ===<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size:24px; font-weight: normal;">Between 0.8% and 30% of "fathers" are unknowingly raising another man's child as their own</span>=== | ||
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The Oxford Handbook of Evolutionary Psychology (Louise Barrett;2007) notes that species with higher levels of sperm competition (i.e infidelity and ergo potential cuckoldry) have been selected to have larger testes relative to their body weight then species with low levels of competition. ''H.Sapiens'' occupies an intermediate position among the Great Apes, with Human males having smaller testes then their close cousins ''P. Troglodytes'' (the Chimpanzee) or the members of the genus ''Gorilla'', which have the smallest testes owing to very low levels of sperm competition due to their system of mating where a male Silverback hordes a harem of females and wards of potential competitors with violence. | |||
This suggests that Human females have a historical tendency to an intermediate level of infidelity compared to Chimpanzee females, which are noted for their promiscuity. | |||
It has also been proposed bv ''Gallup et al'' (2003) among others that the penis of male ''H.Sapiens'' partially developed its greater size and distinctive shape (prominent coronal ridge) as a mechanism to displace the semen of competitor by 'scooping' the vagina during coitus, and they also conducted a survey which demonstrated that men were more vigorous and aggressive with their coitus thrusts after a period of separation from their partners. | |||
A review on the matter published in the Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health by Bellis ''et al.''(2005) concluded that "For disputed paternity tests median levels of PD across 16 studies is 26.9%. However, being based on cases where PD was already suspected this inevitably overestimates population levels. For studies based on populations chosen for reasons other than disputed paternity median PD is 3.7%. While this is not a measure of population prevalence it does suggest the widely used (but unsubstantiated) figure of 10% PD be an overestimate for most populations. | A review on the matter published in the Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health by Bellis ''et al.''(2005) concluded that "For disputed paternity tests median levels of PD across 16 studies is 26.9%. However, being based on cases where PD was already suspected this inevitably overestimates population levels. For studies based on populations chosen for reasons other than disputed paternity median PD is 3.7%. While this is not a measure of population prevalence it does suggest the widely used (but unsubstantiated) figure of 10% PD be an overestimate for most populations. | ||
The authors also remarked that those most at-risk of paternity fraud were men of low socio-economic status, and those most likely to commit it were young women in concurrent sexual relationships, which apparently included "British women with concurrent sexual partners in past 12 months;16–24 years = 15.2%, 25–34 years = 7.6%" (as of 2005,before Tinder, also obviously self reported data) and the authors of this study noted that this was an increasing trend, at least in the United Kingdom. | The authors also remarked that those most at-risk of paternity fraud were men of low socio-economic status, and those most likely to commit it were young women in concurrent sexual relationships, which apparently included "British women with concurrent sexual partners in past 12 months;16–24 years = 15.2%, 25–34 years = 7.6%" (as of 2005,before Tinder, also obviously self reported data) and the authors of this study noted that this was an increasing trend, at least in the United Kingdom. | ||
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References: | References: | ||
* https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1733152/ | * https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1733152/ | ||
* https://books.google.com.au/books?id=8K7Hc09xcQAC&printsec=frontcover&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=testes'&f=false | |||
* https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228466536_The_human_penis_as_a_semen_displacement_device | |||
* https://jech.bmj.com/content/59/9/749.info | * https://jech.bmj.com/content/59/9/749.info | ||
===<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size:24px; font-weight: normal;">Women rapidly lose interest in sex once in a stable relationship or living with a man</span>=== | ===<span style="font-family:'Linux Libertine, Georgia, Times, serif'; font-size:24px; font-weight: normal;">Women rapidly lose interest in sex once in a stable relationship or living with a man</span>=== |
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