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Stephen, I.D., Law Smith, M.J., Stirrat, M.R. et al. Facial Skin Coloration Affects Perceived Health of Human Faces. Int J Primatol (2009) 30: 845. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10764-009-9380-z | Stephen, I.D., Law Smith, M.J., Stirrat, M.R. et al. Facial Skin Coloration Affects Perceived Health of Human Faces. Int J Primatol (2009) 30: 845. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10764-009-9380-z | ||
https://www.livescience.com/5860-attractiveness-based-partly-skin-color.html | https://www.livescience.com/5860-attractiveness-based-partly-skin-color.html | ||
==[Looks] Beauty is predictable and it leads to activation of specific brain centers== | |||
The researchers attempted to test whether there is there an objective, biological basis for the experience of beauty vs. if it is subjective. They showed average people images of masterpieces of Classical and Renaissance sculpture, and modified versions of these arts with less ideal aesthetics. | |||
They then used fMRI to measure activation of various parts of the subjects' brains, when they were exposed to either the beautiful ideal art or the less beautiful modified art. There were clearly differential patterns of brain activation that demonstrated the groups of people could generally figure out which version was "beautiful" or not, and when beauty was encountered, it activated completely different parts of the brain. | |||
Primarily, the insula appeared responsible for judging whether something was beautiful or not, and the amygdala would then be activated to provide an emotional response. | |||
Their research implies that our capacity to detect beauty is hardwired, and the pleasurable sensations that beauty elicits when evoked are strongly hardwired as well. | |||
'''Direct Quotes:''' | |||
* ''"The most striking result was that the observation of original sculptures, relative to the modified ones, produced activation of the right insula as well as of some lateral and medial cortical areas (lateral occipital gyrus, precuneus and prefrontal areas). ''" | |||
* ''"Most interestingly, when volunteers were required to give an overt aesthetic judgment, the images judged as beautiful selectively activated the right amygdala, relative to those judged as ugly.''" | |||
* ''"We conclude that the sense of beauty is mediated by two non-mutually exclusive processes: one based on a joint activation of sets of cortical neurons, triggered by parameters intrinsic to the stimuli, and the insula (objective beauty); the other based on the activation of the amygdala, driven by one's own emotional experiences (subjective beauty).''" | |||
* ''"The main question we addressed in the present study was whether there is an objective beauty. Our results gave a positive answer to this question. The presence of a specific parameter (the golden ratio) in the stimuli we presented determined brain activations different to those where this parameter was violated."'' | |||
* ''"Although individual biases are undeniable, it is also rather implausible to maintain that beauty has no biological substrate and is merely a conventional, experientially determined concept."'' | |||
'''Reference:''' | |||
Di Dio C, Macaluso E, Rizzolatti G (2007) The Golden Beauty: Brain Response to Classical and Renaissance Sculptures. PLoS ONE2(11): e1201. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0001201 | |||
https://archive.is/tmkKW | |||
==[Race] Women express greater racism than men in dating, particularly directed at Asian men== | ==[Race] Women express greater racism than men in dating, particularly directed at Asian men== | ||