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Furthermore, IQ tests correlate imperfectly with latent general intelligence (leaving aside the arguments over the distinction between 'intelligence' and ''g''). A person who scores exceptionally high on one test is expected to regress substantially on another test on average, which also contributes to the error involved in the predictive validity of IQ on the individual level.<ref>http://miyaguchi.4sigma.org/gradytowers/societies.html</ref> Childhood ratio IQ scores are also different from adult deviation IQ scores (measuring mental development relative to age rather than mental ability relative to others) and often regress substantially with full cognitive development. In conclusion, many IQ tests administered are not broad tests but ones that only measure narrow abilities, and as well as being less accurate measures of ''g'', certain types of these lower-order sub-abilities may predict achievement in certain fields moreso than others. This is displayed in the phenomenon of 'ability tilt', where for example a person may have a high verbal IQ but a relatively mediocre non-verbal IQ and would thus be expected to do better in realms that rely more on verbal ability. | Furthermore, IQ tests correlate imperfectly with latent general intelligence (leaving aside the arguments over the distinction between 'intelligence' and ''g''). A person who scores exceptionally high on one test is expected to regress substantially on another test on average, which also contributes to the error involved in the predictive validity of IQ on the individual level.<ref>http://miyaguchi.4sigma.org/gradytowers/societies.html</ref> Childhood ratio IQ scores are also different from adult deviation IQ scores (measuring mental development relative to age rather than mental ability relative to others) and often regress substantially with full cognitive development. In conclusion, many IQ tests administered are not broad tests but ones that only measure narrow abilities, and as well as being less accurate measures of ''g'', certain types of these lower-order sub-abilities may predict achievement in certain fields moreso than others. This is displayed in the phenomenon of 'ability tilt', where for example a person may have a high verbal IQ but a relatively mediocre non-verbal IQ and would thus be expected to do better in realms that rely more on verbal ability. | ||
== IQ and physical attractiveness == | == IQ and physical attractiveness== | ||
====Overview==== | |||
There is a strong relationship between ''perceived'' intelligence and physical attractiveness,<ref>https://www.jstor.org/stable/2112099?seq=1</ref> in line with the general 'what is beautiful is good' stereotype (that is, the [[halo effect]] that exists for beauty). | There is a strong relationship between ''perceived'' intelligence and physical attractiveness,<ref>https://www.jstor.org/stable/2112099?seq=1</ref> in line with the general 'what is beautiful is good' stereotype (that is, the [[halo effect]] that exists for beauty). | ||
The evidence that surrounds an actual link between IQ and physical attractiveness is inconclusive but generally supports there being a weak positive link between the two. | |||
This question is important to evolutionary views of human attributes. Evolutionary theories predict that intelligence and physical attractiveness in humans would be expected to be correlated with each other due to the purported existence of a central 'good genes' factor that unilaterally increases fitness. | |||
====Research==== | ====Research==== | ||
While some studies show dramatic links between intelligence and physical attractiveness,<ref>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intell.2010.11.003</ref> these studies often suffer from serious methodological flaws such as using less accurate tests of general intelligence, using low numbers of raters, or have the ratings themselves confounded by potential [[halo effect|halo effects.]] For example, it is quite possible that as such studies employ interview methods, smarter people are rated as more physically attractive due to their | While some studies show dramatic links between intelligence and physical attractiveness,<ref>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intell.2010.11.003</ref> these studies often suffer from serious methodological flaws such as using less accurate tests of general intelligence, using low numbers of raters, or have the ratings themselves confounded by potential [[halo effect|halo effects.]] For example, it is quite possible that as such studies employ interview methods, smarter people are rated as more physically attractive due to their demeanour and generally higher social status, as perceptions of higher social status seem to prompt people to evaluate others as being more ''physically'' attractive.<ref>https://incels.wiki/w/Scientific_Blackpill#Photoshopping_a_man_into_a_luxury_apartment_made_women_rate_him_as_30.25_more_attractive</ref> Such studies also use low numbers of raters, making the ratings unreliable. Furthermore, IQ and general intelligence are not entirely the same thing (with IQ being a good, but imperfect measure of g), and it is more important to demonstrate a link between latent general intelligence and looks than between looks and IQ per se. Thus, high-quality studies using comprehensive assessments of intelligence and psychometric models are likely needed to clarify any proposed links between general intelligence and physical attractiveness. | ||
In contrast to studies that claim a strong link between IQ and looks, higher-quality studies like Mitchem et al.'s analysis (2015) of 1,753 identical and fraternal twins and their siblings, find no correlations between facial attractiveness and IQ.<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4415372/</ref> This study, was however underpowered to detect a potential tiny positive correlation between IQ and looks (''r'' = 0.03) proposed by previous research. | In contrast to studies that claim a strong link between IQ and looks, higher-quality studies like Mitchem et al.'s analysis (2015) of 1,753 identical and fraternal twins and their siblings, find no correlations between facial attractiveness and IQ.<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4415372/</ref> This study, was however underpowered to detect a potential tiny positive correlation between IQ and looks (''r'' = 0.03) proposed by previous research. | ||
Judge et al. (2009), did find a small (''r'' = 0.16) correlation between looks and general intelligence,<ref>https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2009-06703-013</ref> however this may have been caused by his sample being middle aged. Intelligence is linked with greater health, and part of this may be attributable to lifestyle factors.<ref>https://www.statnews.com/2017/06/28/high-iq-children-longevity-study/</ref> Thus, the link between IQ and health may only become manifest with greater age due to the tendency of higher-IQ people to age more gracefully. On the other hand, such research may indicate that the weak good genes factor is indeed causing this link between intelligence and health, and that this furthermore promotes a tendency for greater physical attractiveness in more intelligent people, as physical attractiveness is also generally linked to better health. | Other studies and datasets have produced evidence for significant positive associations between physical attractiveness and IQ among individuals of both sexes. Judge et al. (2009), did find a small (''r'' = 0.16) correlation between looks and general intelligence,<ref>https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2009-06703-013</ref> however this may have been caused by his sample being middle aged. Intelligence is linked with greater health, and part of this may be attributable to lifestyle factors.<ref>https://www.statnews.com/2017/06/28/high-iq-children-longevity-study/</ref> Thus, the link between IQ and health may only become manifest with greater age due to the tendency of higher-IQ people to age more gracefully. On the other hand, such research may indicate that the weak good genes factor is indeed causing this link between intelligence and health, and that this furthermore promotes a tendency for greater physical attractiveness in more intelligent people, as physical attractiveness is also generally linked to better health. | ||
Furthermore, in the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study, there was a weak positive correlation between attractiveness rated in yearbook photos and measured IQ.<ref>seb on X: "Intelligence and ratings of attractiveness from high school yearbook photos correlate weakly, but positively within Whites. https://t.co/iRl6vByRfu" / X (archive.is)</ref> | Furthermore, in the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study, there was a weak positive correlation between attractiveness rated in yearbook photos and measured IQ.<ref>seb on X: "Intelligence and ratings of attractiveness from high school yearbook photos correlate weakly, but positively within Whites. https://t.co/iRl6vByRfu" / X (archive.is)</ref> | ||