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====Research====
====Research====
 
While some studies show dramatic links between intelligence and physical attractiveness,<ref>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intell.2010.11.003</ref> these studies often suffer from serious methodological flaws such as using less accurate tests of general intelligence, using low numbers of raters, or have the ratings themselves confounded by potential [[halo effect|halo effects.]] For example, it is quite possible that as such studies employ interview methods, smarter people are rated as more physically attractive due to their demeanor and generally higher social status, as perceptions of higher social status seem to prompt people to evaluate others as being more ''physically'' attractive.<ref>https://incels.wiki/w/Scientific_Blackpill#Photoshopping_a_man_into_a_luxury_apartment_made_women_rate_him_as_30.25_more_attractive</ref> Such studies also use low numbers of raters, making the ratings unreliable. Furthermore, IQ and general intelligence are not entirely the same thing (with IQ being a good, but imperfect measure of g), and it is more important to demonstrate a link between latent general intelligence and looks than between looks and IQ per se. Thus, high quality studies using comprehensive assessments of intelligence and psychometric models are likely needed to clarify any proposed links between general intelligence and physical attractiveness.
While some studies show dramatic links between intelligence and physical attractiveness,<ref>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intell.2010.11.003</ref> these studies often suffer from serious methodological flaws such as using less accurate tests of general intelligence, using low numbers of raters, and the ratings themselves being seriously confounded by potential [[halo effect|halo effects.]] For example, it is quite possible that as such studies employ interview methods, smarter people are rated as more physically attractive due to their demeanor and generally higher social status, as perceptions of higher social status seem to prompt people to evaluate others as being more ''physically'' attractive.<ref>https://incels.wiki/w/Scientific_Blackpill#Photoshopping_a_man_into_a_luxury_apartment_made_women_rate_him_as_30.25_more_attractive</ref> Such studies also use low numbers of raters, making the ratings unreliable. Furthermore, IQ and general intelligence are not entirely the same thing (with IQ being a good, but imperfect measure of g), and it is more important to demonstrate a link between latent general intelligence and looks than between looks and IQ per se. Thus, high quality studies using comprehensive assessments of intelligence and psychometric models are likely needed to clarify any proposed links between general intelligence and physical attractiveness.


In contrast to studies that claim a strong link between IQ and looks, higher-quality studies like Mitchem et al.'s analysis (2015) of 1,753 identical and fraternal twins and their siblings, find no correlations between facial attractiveness and IQ.<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4415372/</ref> This study, was however underpowered to detect a potential tiny positive correlation between IQ and looks (''r'' = 0.03) proposed by previous research.  
In contrast to studies that claim a strong link between IQ and looks, higher-quality studies like Mitchem et al.'s analysis (2015) of 1,753 identical and fraternal twins and their siblings, find no correlations between facial attractiveness and IQ.<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4415372/</ref> This study, was however underpowered to detect a potential tiny positive correlation between IQ and looks (''r'' = 0.03) proposed by previous research.  
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Judge et al. (2009), did find a small (''r'' = 0.16) correlation between looks and general intelligence,<ref>https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2009-06703-013</ref> however this may have been caused by his sample being middle aged. Intelligence is linked with greater health, and part of this may be attributable to lifestyle factors.<ref>https://www.statnews.com/2017/06/28/high-iq-children-longevity-study/</ref> Thus, the link between IQ and health may only become manifest with greater age due to the tendency of higher-IQ people to age more gracefully. On the other hand, such research may indicate that the weak good genes factor is indeed causing this link between intelligence and health, and that this furthermore promotes a tendency for greater physical attractiveness in more intelligent people, as physical attractiveness is also generally linked to better health.
Judge et al. (2009), did find a small (''r'' = 0.16) correlation between looks and general intelligence,<ref>https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2009-06703-013</ref> however this may have been caused by his sample being middle aged. Intelligence is linked with greater health, and part of this may be attributable to lifestyle factors.<ref>https://www.statnews.com/2017/06/28/high-iq-children-longevity-study/</ref> Thus, the link between IQ and health may only become manifest with greater age due to the tendency of higher-IQ people to age more gracefully. On the other hand, such research may indicate that the weak good genes factor is indeed causing this link between intelligence and health, and that this furthermore promotes a tendency for greater physical attractiveness in more intelligent people, as physical attractiveness is also generally linked to better health.


It may also be the case that IQ is mainly linked to looks in the case of 'bad genes', or neurodevelopmental, chromosomal, or other genetic conditions that both negatively influence physical attractiveness and IQ. Earlier studies did find a significant effect for looks only among unattractive individuals,<ref>https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2002-00344-009M</ref> though Mitchem et al. did not find any non-linear quadratic or curvilinear effects for IQ and looks. The association was non-significant throughout the entire range of physical attractiveness and IQ examined. The study also examined if the environmental correlation between IQ and looks was negative, i.e if high IQ people are better looking on the genetic but not on the observed level due to the effects of different environmental factors. They discovered no evidence to support this claim.  
It may also be the case that IQ is mainly linked to looks in the case of 'bad genes', or neurodevelopmental, chromosomal, or other genetic conditions that both negatively influence physical attractiveness and IQ. Earlier studies did find a significant effect for looks only among unattractive individuals,<ref>https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2002-00344-009M</ref> though Mitchem et al. did not find any evidence for such non-linear effects. The association was non-significant throughout the entire range of physical attractiveness and IQ examined. The study also examined if the environmental correlation between IQ and looks was negative, i.e if high IQ people are better looking on the genetic but not on the observed level due to the effects of different environmental factors. They discovered no evidence to support this claim.  


However, other research has indicated that general intelligence is weakly correlated with facial symmetry,<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160289610000310</ref> providing some support for the integration of IQ into the proposed general good genes factor. Other studies have linked greater physical attractiveness to lower reaction time variability,<ref>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27815988/</ref> a correlate of general intelligence that may indicate that better looking people tend to have sounder nervous system functionality.
However, other research has indicated that general intelligence is weakly correlated with facial symmetry,<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160289610000310</ref> providing some support for the integration of IQ into the proposed general good genes factor. Other studies have linked greater physical attractiveness to lower reaction time variability,<ref>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27815988/</ref> a correlate of general intelligence that may indicate that better looking people tend to have sounder nervous system functionality.
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