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Testosterone: Difference between revisions
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In humans, testosterone and other androgens are crucial for the development and maintenance of several male sexually dimorphic traits, such as men's greater bone density and muscle mass compared to women, and (mainly via the process of conversion to DHT), which exhibits far stronger affinity for the AR in these tissues) the development of fixed masculine traits during puberty, such as androgenic body hair, enlargement of the male sex organs, and greater vocal depth. Despite the common perception of it as a male hormone, it is also produced by women in much smaller amounts (in ovaries and the adrenal glands), and it seems to play an essential role in the maintenance of several vital physiological functions in women, particularly the [[sex drive|libido]].<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2213858715002843</ref> | In humans, testosterone and other androgens are crucial for the development and maintenance of several male sexually dimorphic traits, such as men's greater bone density and muscle mass compared to women, and (mainly via the process of conversion to DHT), which exhibits far stronger affinity for the AR in these tissues) the development of fixed masculine traits during puberty, such as androgenic body hair, enlargement of the male sex organs, and greater vocal depth. Despite the common perception of it as a male hormone, it is also produced by women in much smaller amounts (in ovaries and the adrenal glands), and it seems to play an essential role in the maintenance of several vital physiological functions in women, particularly the [[sex drive|libido]].<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2213858715002843</ref> | ||
Testosterone and estrogen are nearly identical in terms of their chemical structure, and in men, | Testosterone and estrogen are nearly identical in terms of their chemical structure, and in men, estrogen is produced via the conversion of T to estrogen via the process of {{W|aromatization|aromatization}}. Estrogen important to men's general health due to estrogen's enhancing effects on libido, bone health and its neuroprotective nature. In men that are particularly sensitive to estrogen, aromatization may result in feminizing effects such as the development of breast tissue (gynecomastia). | ||
Greater prenatal exposure to androgens, in particular, seem to play a prominent role in driving male-typical cognition and behavior,<ref>https://journals.lww.com/environepidem/Fulltext/2019/10001/Prenatal_Sex_Hormones_and_Behavioral_Outcomes_in.267.aspx</ref> though the extent to which androgens play a direct role in driving these differences is still in doubt.<ref>https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/abs/10.1098/rstb.2008.0282</ref> | Greater prenatal exposure to androgens, in particular, seem to play a prominent role in driving male-typical cognition and behavior,<ref>https://journals.lww.com/environepidem/Fulltext/2019/10001/Prenatal_Sex_Hormones_and_Behavioral_Outcomes_in.267.aspx</ref> though the extent to which androgens play a direct role in driving these differences is still in doubt.<ref>https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/abs/10.1098/rstb.2008.0282</ref> | ||