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'''Body attractiveness''' refers to the perceived aesthetic quality of an individual's body or group of people's bodies as distinguished from their face's attractiveness. Among men, bodily attractiveness is primarily determined by cues related to perceived upper body strength and overall physical vitality, such as broad shoulders,<ref>https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01542671</ref> and a lower waist-to-chest ratio. WCR is the circumference of the waist divided by the circumference of the chest; therefore, a lower ratio denotes a larger trunk and a narrower waist, i.e., the classic 'V-taper' torso shape.<ref>https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140-6736(99)00438-9.pdf</ref> | '''Body attractiveness''' refers to the perceived aesthetic quality of an individual's body or group of people's bodies as distinguished from their face's attractiveness. Among men, bodily attractiveness is primarily determined by cues related to perceived upper body strength and overall physical vitality, such as broad shoulders,<ref>https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01542671</ref> and a lower waist-to-chest ratio. WCR is the circumference of the waist divided by the circumference of the chest; therefore, a lower ratio denotes a larger trunk and a narrower waist, i.e., the classic 'V-taper' torso shape.<ref>https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140-6736(99)00438-9.pdf</ref> | ||
Muscular arms and a general level of lower body musculature that is not grossly disproportionate to the upper body ('chicken leg syndrome') also appear to play some role in women's | Muscular arms and a general level of lower body musculature that is not grossly disproportionate to the upper body ('chicken leg syndrome') also appear to play some role in women's judgments of male bodily attractiveness. | ||
Excessive adiposity is not generally preferred, with a reasonably low body fat percentage,<ref>https://paperity.org/p/80406533/the-body-and-the-beautiful-health-attractiveness-and-body-composition-in-mens-and-womens</ref> and a BMI in the high normal to overweight range (the latter likely indicating a preference for greater muscularity) being associated with greater bodily attractiveness in men.<ref>[[Scientific Blackpill#The most attractive BMI range for men is .7E24.5-27 and for women .7E17-19 as it is most youthful]]</ref> | Excessive adiposity is not generally preferred, with a reasonably low body fat percentage,<ref>https://paperity.org/p/80406533/the-body-and-the-beautiful-health-attractiveness-and-body-composition-in-mens-and-womens</ref> and a BMI in the high normal to overweight range (the latter likely indicating a preference for greater muscularity) being associated with greater bodily attractiveness in men.<ref>[[Scientific Blackpill#The most attractive BMI range for men is .7E24.5-27 and for women .7E17-19 as it is most youthful]]</ref> | ||
Regarding the lower body musculature, the gluteal muscles are widely reported by women to be the most attractive lower body muscles among males when they are well developed.<ref>https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1474704919852918</ref> | |||
In | In women, signs of youth and nubility such as firm breasts, firm buttocks, overall 'smooth' distribution of subcutaneous fat, and a narrow waist are the factors most strongly associated with overall bodily attractiveness, together with general slimness. | ||
Larger [[breasts]] are also generally preferred by men,<ref>https://journals.lww.com/annalsplasticsurgery/Abstract/2016/03000/Which_is_the_Ideal_Breast_Size___Some_Social_Clues.20.aspx</ref> though firmness is more important in terms of driving attractiveness judgments.<ref>Kościński K. 2019. ''Breast firmness is of greater importance for women's attractiveness than breast size.'' American Journal of Human Biology, 31(5), e23287. [[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ajhb.23287 Abstract]]</ref> | |||
Male preferences for the size of female buttocks seem to vary significantly by race and culture<ref>https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/wk/prs/2017/00000140/00000001/art00007</ref>, with firmness, shape<ref>https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00266-004-3114-6</ref> and the degree of lumbar curvature<ref>https://labs.la.utexas.edu/buss/files/2013/02/Lumbar-EHB-2015.pdf</ref> possibly playing more of role in determining men's attractiveness judgments of female buttocks compared to size, as noted above in regards to breasts. | |||
==Determinates of female bodily attractiveness== | ==Determinates of female bodily attractiveness== | ||
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In the [[incelosphere]] and elsewhere, there is an often furious debate that rages regarding how much bodily attractiveness contributes to overall physical attractiveness in men, especially compared to the contribution of facial attractiveness to holistic physical attractiveness ratings. | In the [[incelosphere]] and elsewhere, there is an often furious debate that rages regarding how much bodily attractiveness contributes to overall physical attractiveness in men, especially compared to the contribution of facial attractiveness to holistic physical attractiveness ratings. | ||
Currie & Little (2009) tested this by presenting photos of the bodies and faces of various individuals to separate raters in randomized order and then together. The pictures were rated not as a full-body image, so the experimenters could mask the faces to control for the potential confounding effects of hair, accessories, and so on regarding ratings of faces.<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1090513809000580</ref> | Currie & Little (2009) tested this by presenting photos of the bodies and faces of various individuals to separate raters in randomized order and then together. The pictures were not rated not as a full-body image, so the experimenters could mask the faces to control for the potential confounding effects of hair, accessories, and so on regarding ratings of faces. <ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1090513809000580</ref> | ||
The raters were instructed to evaluate the desirability of these images in the context of both long and short-term relationships. The whole body photos of the individuals were then presented to a distinct group of raters to determine if presenting the faces and bodies together in such an unnatural way reduced the validity of the ratings (it was later found it didn't to any significant degree). | The raters were instructed to evaluate the desirability of these images in the context of both long and short-term relationships. The whole body photos of the individuals were then presented to a distinct group of raters to determine if presenting the faces and bodies together in such an unnatural way reduced the validity of the ratings (it was later found it didn't to any significant degree). | ||