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Despite the considerable hype surrounding fWHR in circles concerned with aesthetics, there is a lack of evidence directly linking this trait to perceptions of greater male physical attractiveness. A speed dating study conducted in 2014 found a link between higher fWHR in the male participants and greater short-term relationship desirability but this was found to be mediated by perceptions of dominance, as there was no significant correlation between fWHR and women's ratings of the men's physical attractiveness.<ref>https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2727&context=soss_research Valentine KA, Norman PLI, Penke L, Perret DI. 2014. Judging a Man by the Width of his Face: The Role of Facial Ratios and Dominance in Mate Choice at Speed-Dating Events. Psychological Science. 25(3): 806-811</ref> Some studies have even found a weak negative correlation between greater fWHR and physical attractiveness (''r̄'' = -.26).<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4504483/</ref> This may be partially due to the link between greater fWHR and greater levels of facial adiposity.<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20301846/</ref> | Despite the considerable hype surrounding fWHR in circles concerned with aesthetics, there is a lack of evidence directly linking this trait to perceptions of greater male physical attractiveness. A speed dating study conducted in 2014 found a link between higher fWHR in the male participants and greater short-term relationship desirability but this was found to be mediated by perceptions of dominance, as there was no significant correlation between fWHR and women's ratings of the men's physical attractiveness.<ref>https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2727&context=soss_research Valentine KA, Norman PLI, Penke L, Perret DI. 2014. Judging a Man by the Width of his Face: The Role of Facial Ratios and Dominance in Mate Choice at Speed-Dating Events. Psychological Science. 25(3): 806-811</ref> Some studies have even found a weak negative correlation between greater fWHR and physical attractiveness (''r̄'' = -.26).<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4504483/</ref> This may be partially due to the link between greater fWHR and greater levels of facial adiposity.<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20301846/</ref> | ||
It also seems unclear | It also seems unclear as to whether or to what extent a higher fWHR is associated with facial masculinity. Researchers in 2015 has found no positive link between fWHR and rater's evaluations of men's facial masculinity.<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1090513814001640</ref> | ||
Another set of researchers also discovered fWHR was negatively correlated with 'global facial masculinity' in their dataset (N = 188, r = -0.32). | Another set of researchers also discovered fWHR was *negatively* correlated with 'global facial masculinity' in their dataset (N = 188, r = -0.32).<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1090513813000275</ref> This may have been conflated by the association between fWHR and greater levels of facial fat, which is a feminine, sexually dimorphic trait, derived from the influence women's higher estrogen levels have on their levels of subcutaneous fat and the distribution of said fat. The researchers controlled for BMI but not for facial adiposity in particular. | ||
==fWHR and social perceptions== | ==fWHR and social perceptions== |
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