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===Background===
===Background===


The term 'involuntarily celibate' had been used in literature prior to the internet, and sometimes, but rarely used in a semi-academic way. It wouldn't be till the internet era that the term enterered academia.  Prior to the internet the term was used '''verbatim''' in literature, including but not limited to, '''Family Herald Magazine''' 1876, '''Virginia''' by Ellen Glasgow 1913, '''The Building''' by Peter Martin 1960, '''Law and Liberation''' by Robert E. Rhodes 1986, '''Criminal Tendencies''' by William O'Rourke 1987, '''Human Sexuality: the search for understanding''' by David Knox 1984, and '''Understanding Sexuality''' by Adelaide Haas and Kurt Haas 1990.  While never using the verbatim terms, "involuntarily celibate", or, "incel", [[Michel Houellebecq]] may have written about the subject most directly and at length through his many fictional works about involuntarily celibate and miserable men.
The term 'involuntarily celibate' had been used in literature prior to the internet, and sometimes, but rarely used in a semi-academic way. It wouldn't be till the internet era that the term enterered academia.  Prior to the internet the term "involuntary celibte" was used in literature, including but not limited to, ''Family Herald Magazine'' 1876, ''Virginia'' by Ellen Glasgow 1913, ''The Building'' by Peter Martin 1960, ''Law and Liberation'' by Robert E. Rhodes 1986, ''Criminal Tendencies'' by William O'Rourke 1987, ''Human Sexuality: the search for understanding'' by David Knox 1984, and ''Understanding Sexuality'' by Adelaide Haas and Kurt Haas 1990.  While never directly using the verbatim terms, "involuntarily celibate" or "incel", [[Michel Houellebecq]] has written about the topic vicariously through his many fictional works about involuntarily celibate and layless men.


Famous pre-internet incels include [[Emily Dickinson]] 1830 who suffered from agoraphobia, [[Joseph Merrick]] aka the Elephant Man 1862 who suffered from severe  face and body deformities, artist [[Van Gough]] 1853, who was perpetually rejected and eventually pursued a relationship with a hooker, philosopher [[Friedrich Nietzsche]] 1844 who was famously rebuffed by every woman he approached and died from an STD he contracted from a hooker, [[G. H. Hardy]] 1927 a famous mathematician who couldn't bear looking at himself in the mirror and never held steady relationships with women, and English recording artist [[Nick Drake]] who suffered from extreme shyness of women<ref>https://pleasekillme.com/remembering-nick-drake/</ref> and died a virgin (to most analyses).
Some notable pre-internet people who were arguably incelibates include [[Emily Dickinson]] 1830 who suffered from agoraphobia, [[Joseph Merrick]] aka the Elephant Man 1862 who suffered from severe  face and body deformities, artist [[Van Gough]] 1853, who was perpetually rejected and eventually pursued a relationship with a hooker, philosopher [[Friedrich Nietzsche]] 1844 who was famously rebuffed by every woman he approached and died from an STD he contracted from a hooker, [[G. H. Hardy]] 1927 a famous mathematician who couldn't bear looking at himself in the mirror and never held steady relationships with women, and English recording artist [[Nick Drake]] who suffered from extreme shyness of women<ref>https://pleasekillme.com/remembering-nick-drake/</ref> and in all likelihood died a virgin (according to most analyses).


===1980s===
===1980s===

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