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Significantly, they found evidence that circulating levels of male hormones (within the physiologically normal range; excluding the effects of performance-enhancing drugs) did not appear to have a large effect on the individual's response to resistance training. Instead, they found that one of the main factors that determined individual response to resistance training was likely intramuscular androgen receptor content and density. This also means that even one's response to potent exogenous substances designed to enhance muscular growth, such as androgenic-anabolic steroids (AAS), is also substantially determined by genetics. | Significantly, they found evidence that circulating levels of male hormones (within the physiologically normal range; excluding the effects of performance-enhancing drugs) did not appear to have a large effect on the individual's response to resistance training. Instead, they found that one of the main factors that determined individual response to resistance training was likely intramuscular androgen receptor content and density. This also means that even one's response to potent exogenous substances designed to enhance muscular growth, such as androgenic-anabolic steroids (AAS), is also substantially determined by genetics. | ||
Another factor that determines an individual's response to strength training and their maximal muscle building capacity is skeletal frame size. There are large correlations between the thickness | Another factor that determines an individual's response to strength training and their maximal muscle building capacity is skeletal frame size. There are large correlations between the thickness of certain joints in the body and total fat-free mass, particularly wrist thickness, as this is positively correlated with lean body mass but negatively correlated with total body fat (Chumlea et al., 2001). It is even possible to calculate one's maximal muscular potential with a rough degree of accuracy from the thickness of one's wrists and ankles (Nuckols, G., 2015). | ||
As bone circumference is mostly heritable and also generally fixed by the end of adolescence in any case (Clark, J., 1955), a frame size significantly smaller than average can be a major factor limiting the quality of the response to resistance training, especially if commenced in adulthood. | As bone circumference is mostly heritable and also generally fixed by the end of adolescence in any case (Clark, J., 1955), a frame size significantly smaller than average can be a major factor limiting the quality of the response to resistance training, especially if commenced in adulthood. | ||
There are also substantial racial differences in average bone thickness and density, with blacks having the thickest bones, then whites; with Asians and south Asians having the thinnest and weakest bones on average (Zengin et al., 2016, Cong & Walker, 2014). | There are also substantial racial differences in average bone thickness and density, with blacks having the thickest bones, then whites; with Asians and south Asians having the thinnest and weakest bones on average (Zengin et al., 2016, Cong & Walker, 2014). | ||
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